Ann Staman Hollingworth

  Meet Liza.  Liza was “reading” a book. The text said: I see a puppy. Liza read: “Look at the little dog.”  She could match the meaning of the text to the illustrations because she heard the language pattern during the book introduction, but she was not yet ready to match her voice to the text, or to monitor her attempts phonetically. Thus, she made semantic errors (errors that match meaning). Liza was a Pre-Alphabetic reader. Young children go through different stages as they learn to read. When we figure out the stage a student is on, we can adjust...